Wired's Kevin Kelly has a meaty think piece centered around the idea that we denizens of the web are budding socialists, without even being fully aware that we're marching down that road. Think Wikipedia, Digg, Creative Commons. All, writes Kelly, are manifestations of "an emerging collectivism" akin to a Stalinistic vision of individual labor being compiled into a whole greater than any one of us. Kelly brands it "the new socialism."
The counterpoints aren't all that hard to come by. Often what Kelly is describing about collaborative culture is more up-from-the-bottom communitarianism than state-driven socialism in any of its historical flavors. Wikipedia is mostly a hobby for most folks. Digg is sport. And Creative Commons is arguably all about giving the worker (i.e. content creator) more control over their labor than they'd otherwise have. Facebook, an example for Kelly of that "mildest form of socialism" known as sharing, is a corporate entity that has figured out how to create huge value (in theory, at least) by giving a great many people a small bit of entertainment. We're happy. They're happy. One thinks Adam Smith would be pleased.
Anyway, love it or hate it, Kelly's piece is worth a read.
Comments
Socialism 2.0
What is interesting is that I wrote about this for my class last semester. Check it out here
http://docs.google.com/View?id=dgxz823m_19cgrc8nfr
All about a possible digital socialist movement, and before Kelly this time!
Nice!
Hey Yudanashi - I've been talking about this a lot too! I can't wait to read your essay.
The New Socialism Sounds Suspiciously Like The Old Socialism
As said, I've been thinking about this quite a lot too. I wrote such a long comment that I thought I might as well just blog it, so here's my response:
http://www.youngradical.com/2009/05/the-new-socialism-sounds-suspiciousl...
In short, the premise is that Nancy's comment that collectivism is akin to Stalinism and Kelly's assertions that "the old socialism" is basically Stalinism exemplify a total modern misunderstanding of the goals of Marxist socialism. Stalinism, Maoism and others are horrible distortions. I think these new social technologies may be saying a lot about potential socialist ways of organizing society, but many of them also are simply Capitalist businesses in which a minority still benefit from the labor of the majority.
The blog post is quite a bit more thorough and eloquent though - would love to get some comments and healthy discussion going on! Thanks for posting this Nancy!
That's the trouble with history...
Human beings come in and muck it all up. I really do appreciate your critique, but it's Kelly who includes Stalin's consolidation of power in the same time line as the creation of Linux. In a way, that makes sense. One way of making sense of this line of thinking is looking at real world examples. Kelly's not talking about small-scale utopian collectives. It's about the overhauling of our means of production, and the fundamental relationship between those who labor and those who organize labor. And so it makes sense to look at history's big social experiments in collectivism.
But if we turn instead to "pure" intellectual socialism, applying Marxist thinking to web 2.0 requires a good bit of pushing, pulling, and duct tape. It's been a while since I went on a bit of a Marx binge, but if I recall correctly his vision balances on the idea that class conflict is the driving force behind history's narrative, and what gives Marx hope is that the capitalist system -- by sapping individual resources and lumping people's labor into one bucket -- contains the seeds of its own destruction at the hands of the collective. In Marx's eyes, capitalism is simply unsustainable. He had not one hot minute for the idea that it could ever be mutually beneficial. Then there's the fact that he thought technology only really served to create free time in which workers could produce even more surplus value for owners.
"Let's all work together to create stuff" isn't the same thing as socialism. And it seems to me that you could make a strong (not necessarily not wrong, but still strong) anti-Marxist case that web 2.0 is all about proving that capitalism is nimble and adaptive.
Where we're in complete agreement is that this is a fascinating conversation to be having.
New Socialism Worse Than Old Socialism
I'm glad Kelly has come clean on his communism finally in the final days of Wired, which is all out of ad business and desperately trying to stay afloat. Kelly's "8 generatives" were about as effective as the Soviet "we pretend to work and they pretend to pay us" concept of collective farms in terms of generating revenue.
Kelly's wrong in a 100 ways which I'll get to on my blog, but chiefly, he's wrong that this new socialism is less rigid. If anything, it's more rigid and hysterical precisely because it's able to appear in groovy new cyber clothing, so if you complain about it, it can tell you that you're not cool. Have you ever tried to criticize a group of opensource zealots? You just haven't seen "rigid".
The idea that there's all these people "working for free" as if in some global barn-raiser is also terribly misleading. All those people are paid *somewhere* -- by big IT, grants, mom's basement. Their free labour is surplus value generated from their pre-existing affluent states. They haven't made some new machine for making value after you work for free, they've just merely gotten themselves a hobby -- and their hobby undermines the valuation of the work for others.
And spare me the argument that if socialism like this doesn't have a traditional state running it, it's mild and innocent. Nothing of the sort. If anything, it's even more creepy and entrenched when it comes in the form of a TOS for some massive service like Twitter or Facebook than if it comes in the forum of a state at least nominally under the rule of law, with at least some kind of judicial system. Did you know that a tiny cabal of mainly men decide all the controversial items on Wikipedia and have the power simply to ban anybody who disagrees with them? Have you ever had your Ad Sense pulled arbitrarily? You cannot face your accusers, be informed of the charges against you, and your right to appeal is a joke. Ever been kicked off the Second Life forums because you criticized the software company Linden Lab for its favouritism to some residents? These are all the "charms" that await you dealing with non-state socialism -- which is an awful lot like the "charms" of dealing with state socialism.
At least with state communism and socialism, you have a place to go to rebel against it -- civil society. The awful thing about Kelly's forced global collectivism is that it purports to BE the civil society. You can try to make ANOTHER civil society to go against it -- good luck, when all their companies own the servers!
There's also the myth of Creative Commons which I call Creative Communism, which browbeats everyone into giving away everything for free merely to get credit and "spread their name around" and which, in all these years, has never worked toward creating a micropayment system to ensure that people online can get paid for people using copies of their digital content. Shame on them.
People who push the Web 2.0 global collectivism are people who don't need to get paid for their work, who either "come from money," or made their first million off selling proprietary software and can now have the luxury of opensource doodling (that's quite widespread among the California ideologues), or else they take lecture fees for lecturing about...how you can get paid by giving away everything for free (Doctorow is particularly good about not really selling books, but getting fees for telling everyone they should give their books away for free and make money at...other stuff like lectures on...opensource.)
Aside from being unlawful, the new socialism is also a big racket, just like the old one.
Adam Smith could hardly be pleased at a mammoth 350-million member entity that apparently is barely profitable and doesn't have a viable business model, and yet controls a lot of time and attention of the people using the service.
Bottom-up communitarianism can be just as oppressive as state-run top-down socialism when you have no choice -- because you are either bound by a TOS put in by the new "venture communists," or you are a minority view in a "community" where the new socialists browbeat you for criticizing their ideology and can ban you on a whim.
Kelly's real attitude toward communism can also be seen in the shocking moral blindness involved in putting a bank bailout or Wikipedia on the same timeline as Stalin's mass murder.
We Do Not Need Socialism to Collaborate
You've got one of those annoying opensource openID type of blogs that in fact remains closed to most everybody. I have a Wordpress account, I try to use it to log into your blog, I can't. Whatever. So here's a reply: you sound like old socialists I've known for 30 years. Trotskyists, to be specific, who retain a touching belief that workers' control of the means of production is something that has worked or can work or that all that's wrong with the Soviet Union is merely bad application of an ideology, not the ideology itself.
Why do you think, despite 150 years of trying to apply this ideology in many settings, people just can't seem to ever get it to work? Could it be *the ideology itself* *gasp*?!
Stalinism and Maoism are implementations of the inevitable culmination of the ideology of socialism -- criminality -- because it begins with the premise that private property must be overriden by "exigencies" that have to do with "public good" or "usefulness" that...the state or small groups of cadres get to decide. And that starts the slope downwards to all forms of crime, including murder. Once you trump the individual and his property with some purported "social good" that only you get to decide "democratically" by yourself and your revolutionary cohort, you are well on your way to implementing the criminality of socialism and communism. Because you have done this without due process, the rule of law, or any liberal democratic concepts.
Marxism and socialism are utopian ideals that should be dead by now because they've been proven unworkable and even deadly a zillion times over. Why are they being dressed up anew in cyber outfits to appear groovy online? Same-old, same-old.
You can collaborate and communicate and even share online without any socialism, Marxism, or collectivism. You ground some collaboration in a heavy respect for private property and ownership, privacy rights, and all human rights. Collaboration that grows out of universal human rights rather than out of socialist ideology will work better and cause less destructiveness to people and property in the long run.
Venture Communism
Kelly claims that Web 2.0 doesn't involve class warfare. Of course it does. He has never seen the zealous tenacity that the class warriors of Silicon Valley display in holding to power against all critics and competition.
I don't it's that fascinating a discussion, the only thing that is good to come out of this article, like Joi Ito's admission that he is a "venture communist," is that Kelly has come clean about naming his collectivist ideology, so that people like me who have been calling Web 2.0 "social media" "socialist media" all this time don't have to be branded as tinfoil hatted nutters.
Let's hope naming the socialism what it is, is the first step in defeating it : )
Worldwide Economic Recession.......
As the world reflects on how to stay afloat during this worldwide economic recession, three billionaire brothers in Hong Kong have come up with a solution: build a giant Ark. Noah's Ark has come back. No – not the actual one, though it's been purported to have been found in several locations. The boat, which is a museum (replete with animal replicas), resort, restaurant, exhibition hall and hotel, is anchored outside of Hong Kong and has to be accessed by ferry. It takes a bit of a personal loan to get there. The attraction was built and is run by Sun Hung Kai Properties Ltd., which is run by the Kwok Brothers, whose father founded the company. Perhaps they'll get the debt relief they need with Noah's Ark.